When Disrupting the Classroom Doesn’t Get You Sent to the Principal

Bringing Teaching and Tech Together to Promote Active Learning

Elizabeth Charles believes the last new technology to really have an impact on teaching was the overhead projector. Its huge popularity in schools began building in the late 1950s, as teachers realized the advantages of being able to bring prepared material to class and modify it in response to class discussion. It was, in Charles’ words, a disruptive technology, forcing change in the way people taught and students learned.

“In the past three or four decades, technology has not been able to break through, or ‘be disruptive,’ in making changes in education,” said Charles, co-director of SALTISE (Supporting Active Learning & Technological Innovation in Studies in Education) at Dawson College in Montréal. In a phone interview she explained there is a long history of new technology being tried but not catching on to the extent that teaching changed in response.

Charles is co-researcher on one of 27 College and Community Social Innovation Fund research projects, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). In social innovation, researchers develop new ideas or use others in new ways to tackle social problems. Charles’ study is focused on supporting teachers who use a form of instruction called “active learning” by encouraging them to make more effective use of new educational technology. It fits well with SSHRC’s challenges to identify “new ways of learning… Canadians will need to thrive in an evolving society and labour market,” and how emerging technologies can be leveraged to benefit Canadians.

Different disciplines tend to have their own languages and culture, which can leave some students feeling shut out; research has shown active learning is particularly helpful for them. If students actually do practical work on real-life issues such as gathering data on environmental problems, or on lack of access to social services, they begin to enter those new cultures and learn the language.

In active learning, the emphasis is on student engagement. Through group work — experimenting, solving problems, researching information and reflecting on what they’ve done, students learn in a more profound way than from lectures. But it’s very demanding for teachers, who must develop lessons and linked learning activities for students, as well as monitoring groups to keep them on track and being the ultimate class resource as well.

There are software programs and equipment to help; but many teachers can’t find the time to master those tools, let alone modify them to the particular needs of their students. The ultimate goal of Charles’ project is to give teachers tools to help them “orchestrate” active learning. If the work involved in teaching through active learning can be eased, teachers are more likely to disrupt tradition, and switch their practice.

The Community and College Social Innovation Fund grants encourage college-based researchers to work with partners, across academic disciplines and institutions and in the community. Charles is working with several other university and college academics, as well as school teachers and three commercial technology firms that make educational software.

About Dawson College

Dawson College is a large, long-established educational institution within Quebec’s network of CEGEPs that is woven into the fabric of academic life in Montreal. Dawson... Learn more

Dealing with Common Problems Over Uncommon Distance

Campuses in Montréal and Mexico Work for A Better Environment

Education is supposed to leave an indelible legacy — but not in terms of a mountain of plastic water bottles left behind by thirsty students, not to be measured by the extent of waste generated by colleges and universities as they try to improve the world one student at a time.

Gisela Frias, a researcher and instructor in geography at Dawson College in Montréal, is project director on a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. Dawson faculty and students will work with counterparts in Mexico to promote environmental sustainability on campuses in both countries.

“Our universities and colleges have a social responsibility, we need to be pioneers in terms of being able to reflect on overall social and environmental issues and respond to them by providing solutions,” Frias said in an interview. “We can’t just generate knowledge through research. It has to inform our own operations, we have to be what we are saying to the rest of society.”

Sharing Our Knowledge to Create Sustainable Campuses, a book coordinated by Frias and a Mexican colleague, Margarita Hurtado Badiola, defines sustainable campuses: “A sustainable institution protects life, water and energy and avoids producing waste. It includes environmental content in the curriculum and strives for equity and social justice.”

The SSHRC Community and College Social Innovation Fund project Frias is overseeing had its beginnings in her work with colleagues in Mexico that led to that book. The project’s goal is to design and implement projects to make campuses more environmentally sustainable and, through them, to establish a culture of sustainability on the campuses — and beyond, as students take their knowledge and practices with them after graduation.

As in an earlier project for the International Development Research Centre, students from Dawson are travelling to Mexico to work on sustainability projects in the partner institutions there, teaching and learning as they do so. They’ll then bring the knowledge they’ve developed back to Montreal to share. Over the three years of the project, six students per year will travel to Mexico. They will be drawn from three programs at Dawson — Community Recreation and Leadership Training, Environmental Studies and Environmental Sciences.

Ella Martin, a Dawson College student who travelled to Mexico for the project in 2015 said just their presence on campus as they worked on their projects (including a solar oven and a “chimney” to let heat escape from a building) was enough to get people interested in sustainability. “I think that our presence really made both the students in Mexico and us realize how truly global the concept of sustainability is: people are working towards this same goal around the world,” she said.

There are challenges to a project with partners so far apart, but monthly online meetings and annual workshops will help Frias and her Mexican partners share knowledge. The partners also plan an accredited sustainable campus course given collectively by all of them in Mexico at the end of the first year of the project.

About Dawson College

Dawson College is a large, long-established educational institution within Quebec’s network of CEGEPs that is woven into the fabric of academic life in Montreal. Dawson... Learn more

Going Deep in the Brain to Control Outward Attention

Two researchers at Collège Montmorency, in Laval, are introducing a new approach to helping students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) — training them to reach deep inside to modulate their brain waves to control attention.

Andrea Szabo and Hélène Brisebois were both practicing psychologists before they became professors of psychology at Collège Montmorency, and both were struck by how many students with ADHD were struggling to succeed at the college. Now, having received a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, a part of its Community and College Social Innovation Fund, they are developing a neurofeedback lab on campus.

There have been services available for students with ADHD for some time, Szabo said in an interview. They may be allowed extra time to write exams, or taught strategies for learning with ADHD. But generally, colleges offer fewer services than high school, while the work and the environment are both more demanding.

“You can’t just keep teaching kids strategies. They know the strategies,” said Szabo. She said as neuropsychologists, they were interested in using brain-focused techniques to help people manage anxiety and depression; neurofeedback is one of them. The two wondered it if it might help students with ADHD.

In neurofeedback, participants are taught how to control their brain waves. ADHD produces a certain pattern of brain waves (which can be sensed only through an electroencephalogram). By connecting sensors to the scalp, machinery can pick up brain wave patterns and display the data on a computer screen.

With training, where participants are given positive reinforcement when they learn to adjust their brain waves from the slow patterns typical of ADHD into more active waves that signal attention and focus. With practice, they can do it without the machine.

Szabo and Brisebois decided to set up a neurofeedback lab on campus in rooms donated by the college. The specialized equipment was lent by Thought Technology, and partnership with the micro-encephalography lab of the Institut de neurologie de Montréal allows sophisticated neuroimaging of the effect of the training on the brain structure.

Beyond expanding knowledge on ADHD neurophysiology and increasing the possibility of managing its symptoms with neurofeedback, this project could lead, long-term, to the technique being introduced into other educational settings to help more students with ADHD — many of whom could not otherwise afford this treatment — get a better chance to succeed in school.

The project will generate considerable data on ADHD for study, but Szabo and Brisebois are driven by their desire to help students affected by it. “That is really our idea, to try to implement this in other cégeps, and then from there to the secondary school level,” she said. “That way, when kids go to cégep, when they arrive they will be more confident already.”

Funded by: Community and College Social Innovation Fund

About Collège Montmorency

Le Collège Montmorency s’est hissé parmi les cégeps les plus importants du Québec avec plus de 7000 étudiants à l’enseignement régulier. Seul cégep public de... Learn more

Mapping a Better Path to Employment for Immigrant Women

Immigrants come to Canada to change their lives. For many, however, the changes they find are not what they were expecting; and they may be particularly challenging for professional women.

“What’s really exciting about this project is most research has been on immigrant employment in general, it didn’t consider what particular problems are for women,” said Frédéric Dejean. “But if you’re a Muslim woman from North Africa, the problems you face are going to be different from your husband’s.”

Dejean is a researcher at the Institut de recherche sur l’intégration professionnelle des immigrants at Collège Maisonneuve in Montréal. He’s also director of a Community and College Social Innovation Fund project, “New approaches to the de-qualifying of immigrant professional women.”

In addition to not being gender-specific, most research tends to focus on new arrivals, Dejean said in an interview. He, his colleagues and their community partners on the project (two groups working with immigrant women) know that it’s common for immigrant women to put their job hunt aside for several years, focusing instead on work for their husbands and raising children. That’s why the project looks only at women who have been in Québec three years or more.

They are also talking to immigrants from as many countries as possible, and to women who live in different parts of the city. (Traditionally, Montréal’s immigrants settled downtown, and services for them are clustered there; but today, many live in the suburbs and are effectively cut off from the services that will help them get work).

Because the research institute focuses on economic immigrants, rather than refugees, the people involved in the study have more education than the average Canadian and impressive professional qualifications. But they face a struggle to get a job worthy of their training and abilities.

Some women tell them they have found it easier to get jobs in English companies, even though they speak French. Some feel they have not been able to find jobs because of their appearance. Others feel resentment at the failure to recognize their qualifications and the inability to work and loss of status that entails. “You can feel the distress of the situation they’re experiencing. I think it is the most negative thing they experience.” Many complain agencies that find jobs for immigrants concentrate on doing it fast rather than getting the right kind of work, or that they’re given retraining but there’s no follow-up help to find work.

Dejean, his colleagues and their community partners will not be satisfied with merely producing another list of social agencies. “We want to learn about the path to employment, and what barriers are on it,” Dejean said, explaining that two women with similar qualifications and backgrounds may wind up in very different jobs just because of the agency or even individual they dealt with. “We want to find out where that path splits.”  When they know that, they hope to help develop plans for agencies and policy for government that will help immigrant women thrive.

About Collège de Maisonneuve

Si le Collège de Maisonneuve est aujourd’hui un cégep de grande qualité, dont la réputation d’excellence dépasse largement l’Île de Montréal, c’est grâce à la... Learn more

Returning to Traditional Knowledge for Solutions to Modern Problems

In Northern Québec, just inland from James Bay, stands the Cree Nation of Chisasibi, a new home for an ancient people.

The history that brought a nomadic nation to this small village caused disruption in every aspect of life, culture and knowledge. Now, the Chisasibi nation is working with researchers, led by the Cégep de Victoriaville, to establish new approaches to food security based on traditional knowledge. The project is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, out of its Community and College Social Innovation Fund.

There are about 4,000 Chisasibi Cree. For them, as for other northern communities, food insecurity is a major issue. As well, Québec’s Institut de la santé publique has reported that 80 per cent of Cree are obese or overweight — highlighting another serious issue with Chisasibi’s food supply.

Richard Lair, a teacher at Cégep de Victoriaville and a researcher with its Centre for Social Innovation in Agriculture, is the project director. He said in an interview that Chisasibi’s problems with food must be seen in the context of what shaped them — colonialization, reduced subsidies for food, the loss of native culture and residential schools causing a gradual loss of traditions around food.

At the same time, hunting and fishing are getting more expensive and more difficult to do because of forestry and the hydro development, Lair said.

“The effect of many factors over the years has been a decrease in the share of total food intake accounted for by traditional sources in the Cree population,” he explained. “Traditional foods were replaced with more fast and frozen foods with higher fat, salt and sugar content, which the Cree were unaware were not healthy.” The result was unhealthy eating habits and widespread negative consequences for health.

Solutions to food supply issues can be found, Lair said, provided the correct approach is taken to reveal them. It must be a multi-faceted, holistic approach that takes into account the history, culture and political factors that have shaped Chisasibi’s reality.

It’s equally important the researchers understand it is not a question of them returning lost knowledge of traditional food to the community. Their job is to assist the community to find its own answers. The project will be done as “participatory action research,” a collaborative approach that recognizes community members as co-researchers and draws on local experience and social history to shape its work and findings.

The first phase of the project is to understand the current food situation, including the role of traditional food supply in it, capturing Cree food traditions that are still alive in the community. The second phase seeks to help the Cree to capture their traditional food knowledge, then preserve it in a database. Finally, in the third phase, that knowledge will be used to identify projects for resolving food issues and developing pilot projects to test them.

Ultimately, the researchers hope to share knowledge from this project with all ten Cree nation communities of northern Québec, and build a website with easy access to information about traditional food sources, healthy eating practices and more.

About Cégep de Victoriaville

Le Cégep de Victoriaville c’est près de 1 600 étudiantes et étudiants à l’enseignement régulier, 375 à la formation continue et plus de 400 employés... Learn more

Cultivating a New Crop of Farmers

Farming, once a heritage, is becoming a lifestyle choice.

Traditionally Québec’s farms, like others across the country, have been passed from parent to child, each generation essentially serving an apprenticeship of chores with ever-increasing responsibility before taking over the job. But that’s not true any longer. More and more farm kids choose different careers — and at Cégep de Victoriaville, at least, a new crop of farmers is being nurtured.

“We are full of students in this program who come from non-farming backgrounds,” says Simon Dugré, director of ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­the Centre d’innovation sociale en agriculture at Cégep de Victoriaville. “They choose this training because they want the lifestyle of a farmer.”

A fresh crop of farmers is good news for Québec, which has seen a steady drop in number of agricultural businesses (the term the cégep uses for any form of farming, from dairy to vineyards to vegetables). It’s also good news for farmers who are ready to retire, but don’t have children who want to take over. Letting go of a lifetime of work put into the land is hard, but the potential for inexperienced hands to let the business run down, and the lost value of decades of farming knowledge is a problem for society as well as for families. It’s also a challenge for young people, just starting out, to afford a farm, and the equipment needed to run it.

Clearly, it was time try some new approaches to renewing farm life, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council’s College and Community Social Innovation Fund has given Cégep de Victoriaville funding to research and develop a system to support successful transfer of farms to people from outside the family.

Dugré and his team are framing the support system they hope will facilitate non-family farm transfer, and contribute to the sustainability of new farm enterprises. So far, research partners at Université Laval have not found many models in agricultural literature for what they are thinking of, a virtual network of incubators within agricultural businesses. How to capture a farmer’s accumulated knowledge, transfer it, create ongoing “communities of practice” to support new farmers as they settle in, and how they will adapt to this approach are all important questions they are tackling.

At the heart of their solution is a special type of mentor, skilled in turning around businesses, because they’ve been through it themselves. They will help to identify good matches between farmers ready to sell and “agricultural entrepreneurs” who are looking for a farm business. They’ll bring the two together and advise both on the challenges and decisions involved in making the transfer successfully.

“If you have a good relationship with a potential new farmer, it’s like an adoption,” explains Dugré. “It’s your life, and you want to see it continue and thrive. If you have the right person to make this relationship with, this adoption can be created.”

About Cégep de Victoriaville

Le Cégep de Victoriaville c’est près de 1 600 étudiantes et étudiants à l’enseignement régulier, 375 à la formation continue et plus de 400 employés... Learn more

Reaching Across a Digital Divide

Rummaging around in a child’s school bag almost invariably produces something scary, ranging from a forgotten sandwich to notice of a parent-teacher meeting — two weeks earlier. Schools can’t do much about the sandwiches but they have been increasingly turning to electronic communication to reach parents.

The problem is, not all parents have equal access to technology, nor do they all have the same level of comfort with it. Josée Thivierge, an educational consultant with Le Centre d’étude des conditions de vie et des besoins de la population (ÉCOBES) at Cégep de Jonquière, is leading a study into high school parents’ access to digital tools and how they use them. The project is one of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council’s Community and College Social Innovation Fund grants.

“Schools are communicating more and more with internet,” Thivierge said in an interview. “But disadvantaged parents may not have a computer. If they do, they may be shy of using it. We are looking for the best ways to reach parents who are not in front of computers all day long.”

In particular, parents who don’t speak French, or parents who have limited formal education may feel cut off from their child’s school if it mainly communicates electronically. They may also be reluctant to send messages, and therefore not ask questions they want answered. That matters, because research shows getting parents involved in education is a major factor in students’ success, linked to increased motivation and academic achievement.

Beyond straightforward messages about individual students, schools often use electronic media to explain important issues to parents, such as the implications of a student dropping math. That one decision shapes their education and potentially their whole life — but parents uncomfortable with searching through links and websites may not be able to discuss the pros and cons effectively and help their student choose. Even parents who have computers, but not much experience with them, or a language problem, may be overwhelmed by the sheer amount of information on Google, and welcome some guidance or tailored content on a website.

The first year of the project will be dedicated to exploring the access parents have to digital tools, and how they use them. The second will focus on designing a communications strategy and the tools to implement it so more parents feel at home using electronic tools to support their children through their school years.

Some parents have been excited to watch online video of a class in action — finding it much more informative than a teenager’s grunted answer. Would they like a Facebook page? What about a website that lets them check the schedule (or even if the student is in school). Videos about college could be created — perhaps ultimately the same basic videos can be used by every college in Québec.  Thivierge doesn’t know yet: the SSHRC grant has given her the opportunity to explore. “I have a big team in my college for this work. I appreciate the liberty of that, because there is room for innovation.”

About Cégep de Jonquière

Situé en plein cœur du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, le Cégep de Jonquière est l’établissement d’enseignement supérieur le plus fréquenté en dehors des grands centres urbains. Il compte... Learn more

Overcoming the Pressure for Perfection: Teens and Body Image

They are everywhere, the pictures of muscular men and lovely, skinny women, endlessly available to anxious teenage eyes and aggravating the longstanding adolescent problem of poor self-esteem.

“The problem has indeed gotten worse,” said Marie-Ève Blackburn, of Cégep de Jonquière’s ECOBES (Centre d’Étude des Conditions de vie et des Besoins de la population) in an interview. “Images of the ideal body shape, both female and male, are increasingly and relentlessly portrayed and promoted in the media.”

Blackburn is director of a project on body image and self-esteem in adolescents, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, as part of its Community and College Social Innovation Fund.

She said concern over body image has risen to the point more than 70 per cent of Québec students say they are doing something about their weight, whether it’s controlling it (34 per cent) losing some (25 per cent) or trying to put some on (16 per cent). More girls are unhappy with their weight than boys, but dissatisfaction regarding personal body image is high for everyone.

The dissatisfaction teens have with themselves takes a high toll: it has been linked to anxiety, depression, bullying and eating disorders. It also affects their perception of their health overall.

Preoccupation with body image may be increasing, but it’s not new and many programs have been developed to deal with it. This project will study one of them, Bien dans sa tête, bien dans sa peau (feeling good about yourself, feeling good about your body, or BTBP). Developed by an organization called ÉquiLibre (a partner on this project), it is designed to promote healthy body image among teenagers, and has been offered in Québec for 20 years.

BTBP is a ready-made program, designed to be delivered by school or youth centre staff. There is a master kit and 50 workshops to choose from, including developing a healthy body image, positive attitudes, self-esteem and respect for others. More than 550 schools and youth organizations use it.

“Through the workshops, which can be scheduled throughout the year, young people are invited to become aware of their own self-image and the image they have of others, which contribute to the thinking, beliefs and prejudices that often prevent them from being ‘bien dans sa tête, et bien dans sa peau,’” Blackburn explained.

The implementation of BTBP has been evaluated, but its impact never has. So the first step in the Cégep de Jonquière project is to measure the impact of BTBP, one month, three months, six months and 12 months after the program. They will ask youth who participated about self-esteem, the influence of media, bullying, distress, awareness and healthy lifestyle choices. That information will be used by ÉquiLibre to reinforce or change the program to make it more effective.

The second part of the project is to establish a multidisciplinary international research team on the issue of body image in adolescents. It combines stakeholders and academics to develop and share important knowledge on creating positive body images in teens.

About Cégep de Jonquière

Situé en plein cœur du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, le Cégep de Jonquière est l’établissement d’enseignement supérieur le plus fréquenté en dehors des grands centres urbains. Il compte... Learn more

Conversion of Marine Macroalgae

The industrial use of marine algae is a huge and growing market feeding large industries, mainly in Asia and Europe.

Canada has all the elements required to develop an industrial centre in this field, namely, relatively unpolluted coastal waters and large reserves of this natural resource. Québec’s coastal areas are no exception. Québec’s macroalgae has a high commercial potential, since this natural resource is used in a wide range of products, including fertilizers, foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Fast-growing cold-water algae are easily cultivated in marine farms, and could bring needed diversification to shellfish farmers. Despite the emergence of an algae cultivation, harvesting and processing industry made up of primarily small and medium-sized businesses, applied research in the field is unstructured and entrepreneurs have little documentation or technical support at their disposal.

The creation of an Industrial Research Chair in the Conversion of Marine Macroalgae at the École des pêches et de l’aquaculture du Québec (ÉPAQ), part of the Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles, will bring together available knowledge, resources and expertise to address current needs. The funding obtained or the industrial chair program has allowed research professor and Chairholder Éric Tamigneaux to set up a small work team, in partnership with the Centre d’innovation de l’aquaculture et des pêches du Québec (Merinov), which manages the Centre collégial de transfert de technologie en pêches (CCTT) at the Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles. Funds are being used to organize workshops and symposia, supplement student grants, operate the hatchery and the algoculture demonstration farm at the ÉPAQ, supplement project budgets and leverage further project funding.

The main objectives of Dr. Tamigneaux’s research are to encourage and coordinate applied research projects on macroalgae, provide industrial players with scientific and technical support, and offer training to companies and students. The applied research has three components: fisheries and natural resources, mariculture, and algal biomass conversion.

Research projects will be adapted to the needs of industry to enable entrepreneurs and users of the results to address the challenge of utilizing the resource sustainably and stimulating the local and regional economy.

One current project involves Algoa, a small firm in Forestville on Québec’s North Shore, which employs nine people who harvest and process 20 tons of algae every year. These large volumes are used in a fertilizer, but “that’s not the greatest gain,” says president Dany Sénéchal. Small quantities are also being sold to the cosmetics industry and Algoa is developing a food subsidiary in teas. Mr. Sénéchal is counting on Dr. Tamigneaux’s research team to identify the algae’s properties: “French research results don’t apply in Québec,” he says. “The Chair’s research will give me checked and checkable information that my algae is unique.”

Éric Tamigneaux is a research professor at ÉPAQ, one of the college’s campuses. An oceanographer by training, Mr. Tamigneaux has worked at the college for 12 years, both as a professor in the aquaculture technical diploma program and as senior project manager at the CCTT.

Over the past six years, Mr. Tamigneaux has developed unique expertise in Québec on growing macroalgae and has successfully stimulated companies’ and institutions’ interest in algae. Founder of the Centre d’étude et de valorisation des algues marines (CÉVAM), he has created a network of partners from universities and the CCTT network.

About Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles

Le Cégep de la Gaspésie et des Îles est situé dans un environnement grandeur nature, entouré de plages, du Parc national Forillon et du Parc... Learn more

Agroforestry Extraction

The emerging bioeconomy is providing promising new opportunities for the development of new products from forestry and agriculture biomass. While significant progress has been made in the conversion of forestry residues to useable biomaterials, developments in the agroforestry sector require a better understanding of the chemical composition of forestry biomass from a variety of different sources and the availability of effective and reliable production technologies with a low environmental impact.

Collège de Maisonneuve’s Industrial Research Chair Dr. Yacine Boumghar, has considerable expertise in extraction and separation bioprocesses and in scaling-up pilot-scale processes. He is leading a research program on the conversion of agroforestry biomass to usable materials and the commercial scale-up of agroforestry extraction processes. Dr. Boumghar intends to make Collège de Maisonneuve a hub of knowledge on agroforestry extraction and an incubator for leading edge technology solutions to address community and industry needs. The research team will work to:

  • develop extraction, purification and separation bioprocesses;
  • develop analytical tools to determine the chemical composition of agroforestry extracts;
  • assess the biological activity of the extracts or fractions of extracts produced.
  • develop linkages between government, associations and industry to help pool efforts and coordinate innovative actions;
  • break down barriers between the forestry and agroforestry sectors approaches to scientific and economic issues and promote integrated technology solutions;

With the establishment of the Chair, a number of agroforestry cooperatives and companies have been able to launch innovative projects promoting both diversification and product development. This research is helping ease the transition from a linear economy to a circular one.

“As a representative of the international corporation DuPont de Nemours, I’ve had the opportunity to work with [the Centre d’études des procédés chimiques du Québec (CEPROCQ) at Collège de Maisonneuve] over the past several years to test new sources of extractables. I saw firsthand how effectively this organization was able to design research and quickly produce tangible results for industry,” said Simon Langlois, director of business development, DuPont Building Innovations.

About Collège de Maisonneuve

Si le Collège de Maisonneuve est aujourd’hui un cégep de grande qualité, dont la réputation d’excellence dépasse largement l’Île de Montréal, c’est grâce à la... Learn more